Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important nutrients in fertilization of both freshwater and coastal ponds. Many factors that can affect the response of ponds to fertilizers are location-specific. Aquaculture pond managers will have to figure out the best procedure
Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the earth’s crust, but occurs at very low concentrations in surface waters and oceans. It is an essential element for many organisms as part of many enzymes, and also has an important
Proper management of broodstock nutrition encompasses providing the right amounts of the proper specialized nutrients during the right developmental stages.
Although higher rates have been promoted, pond fertilization ratios of 2:1 or 1:1 nitrogen to phosphorus should be maintained in older ponds for food fish production.