In a study, the performance of gilthead sea bream juveniles fed diets with no fishmeal was compared to that of bream fed diets with 30 or 10 percent fishmeal.
Fishmeal and fish oil replacements present a challenge for the aquafeed industry. The range of alternative protein and fat sources is limited, given multiple considerations.
Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is affected by winter disease, a complex syndrome that has been related to cold stress-induced immune suppression.
Shrimp farmers must consider seedstock quality, husbandry procedures and healthy nutrition as the primary tools to control disease.